Nobel Fizyoloji Veya Tıp Ödülü Sahipleri Listesi
Son güncelleme: 8 Ekim 2026. Bu liste, Nobel Vakfı’nın resmî veri kaynağından (NobelPrize.org API) derlenmiş ve 2026 ödülünü de içerecek biçimde güncellenmiştir.
Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü, Alfred Nobel’in vasiyetindeki beş ödülden biridir ve ilk kez 1901’de verildi. Ödül sahibini Stockholm’deki Karolinska Enstitüsü’nün Nobel Meclisi (Nobel Assembly) seçer; madalya her yıl 10 Aralık’ta takdim edilir. İlk ödül, difteriye karşı serum tedavisini geliştiren Emil von Behring’e verildi.
Listenin en yeni satırı 5 Ekim 2026 ödülü: ışıkla sinir hücrelerini açıp kapatan optogenetik yöntem (ayrıntılı yazımız).
Aşağıdaki tablolar her ödülün resmî gerekçesini, kazananların doğum ülkesini ve ödül sırasında çalıştıkları kurumu bir arada sunar. Ödül başına ortalama iki kişiyle, bu üç bilim ödülü arasında en kalabalık olanıdır.
Rakamlarla Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü
- 117 kez ödül verildi (1901–2026); toplam 235 ödül sahibi var.
- Ödül verilmeyen yıllar: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942. 1915–1918 ve 1940–1942 yılları iki dünya savaşının dönemine denk gelir.
- Ödüllerin 40‘i tek kişiye, 36‘si iki kişiye, 41‘ü üç kişiye verildi; Nobel kuralları bir ödülün en fazla üç kişi arasında paylaşılmasına izin verir.
- Kadın ödül sahibi sayısı 14: Gerty Cori (1947), Rosalyn Yalow (1977), Barbara McClintock (1983), Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986), Gertrude B. Elion (1988), Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1995), Linda B. Buck (2004), Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (2008), Elizabeth H. Blackburn (2009), Carol W. Greider (2009), May-Britt Moser (2014), Tu Youyou (2015), Katalin Karikó (2023), Mary E. Brunkow (2025).
- Ödül anında en genç sahibi: Frederick G. Banting (1923, yaklaşık 31 yaşında); en yaşlısı: Peyton Rous (1966, yaklaşık 87 yaşında).
- Ödül tutarı: 1901’de 150.782 İsveç kronuydu (bugünün parasıyla yaklaşık 10.892.857 kron); 2026’da 12 milyon kron.
- Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü’nü şimdiye dek iki kez kazanan kimse olmadı.
- Dikkat çeken ödüller: insülinin keşfi (Banting ve Macleod, 1923), penisilin (Fleming, Chain ve Florey, 1945), DNA çift sarmalı (Watson, Crick ve Wilkins, 1962), mRNA aşı teknolojisi (Karikó ve Weissman, 2023).
- Türkiye doğumlu bir fizyoloji veya tıp ödülü sahibi henüz yoktur.
Hangi ülkeler öne çıkıyor?
Aşağıdaki tabloda her ödül sahibi, ödülü aldığı sırada çalıştığı kurumun bugünkü ülkesine göre sayılmıştır (kurum bilgisi yoksa doğum ülkesi esas alınmıştır). Birden fazla ülkede çalışmış kişiler yalnızca ödüle esas kurumun ülkesine yazılır; bu nedenle toplam, ödül sahibi sayısına eşittir.
| Sıra | Ülke | Ödül sahibi sayısı |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ABD | 122 |
| 2 | Birleşik Krallık | 32 |
| 3 | Almanya | 18 |
| 4 | Fransa | 10 |
| 5 | İsviçre | 8 |
| 6 | İsveç | 7 |
| 7 | Japonya | 5 |
| 8 | Danimarka | 4 |
| 9 | Avusturya | 4 |
| 10 | Avustralya | 4 |
| 11 | İtalya | 3 |
| 12 | Belçika | 3 |
Yıllara göre tam liste
Her satırda ödül yılı, ödül sahibi (varsa pay oranıyla), doğum yeri ülkesi (bugünkü sınırlara göre), ödül sırasındaki kurumu ve Nobel Komitesi’nin resmî gerekçesi yer alır. Gerekçeler Komite’nin İngilizce metnidir; yıl bağlantıları Nobel Vakfı’nın ilgili ödül sayfasına gider.
1901–1910
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | Emil von Behring 1854–1917 | Polonya | Marburg University | for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths |
| 1902 | Ronald Ross 1857–1932 | Hindistan | University College | for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it |
| 1903 | Niels Ryberg Finsen 1860–1904 | Faroe Adaları (Danimarka) | Finsen Medical Light Institute | in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science |
| 1904 | Ivan Pavlov 1849–1936 | Rusya | Military Medical Academy | in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged |
| 1905 | Robert Koch 1843–1910 | Almanya | Institute for Infectious Diseases | for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis |
| 1906 | Camillo Golgi (½) 1843–1926 Santiago Ramón y Cajal (½) 1852–1934 | İtalya İspanya | Pavia University Madrid University | in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system |
| 1907 | Alphonse Laveran 1845–1922 | Fransa | Institut Pasteur | in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases |
| 1908 | Ilya Mechnikov (½) 1845–1916 Paul Ehrlich (½) 1854–1915 | Ukrayna Polonya | Institut Pasteur Goettingen University | in recognition of their work on immunity |
| 1909 | Theodor Kocher 1841–1917 | İsviçre | Berne University | for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland |
| 1910 | Albrecht Kossel 1853–1927 | Almanya | University of Heidelberg | in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances |
1911–1920
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1911 | Allvar Gullstrand 1862–1930 | İsveç | Uppsala University | for his work on the dioptrics of the eye |
| 1912 | Alexis Carrel 1873–1944 | Fransa | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research | in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs |
| 1913 | Charles Richet 1850–1935 | Fransa | Sorbonne University | in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis |
| 1914 | Robert Bárány 1876–1936 | Avusturya | Vienna University | for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus |
| 1915 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1916 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1917 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1918 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1919 | Jules Bordet 1870–1961 | Belçika | Brussels University | for his discoveries relating to immunity |
| 1920 | August Krogh 1874–1949 | Danimarka | Copenhagen University | for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism |
1921–1930
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1922 | Archibald V. Hill (½) 1886–1977 Otto Meyerhof (½) 1884–1951 | Birleşik Krallık Almanya | London University Kiel University | for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle |
| 1923 | Frederick G. Banting (½) 1891–1941 John Macleod (½) 1876–1935 | Kanada İskoçya | University of Toronto University of Toronto | for the discovery of insulin |
| 1924 | Willem Einthoven 1860–1927 | Endonezya | Leiden University | for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram |
| 1925 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1926 | Johannes Fibiger 1867–1928 | Danimarka | Copenhagen University | for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma |
| 1927 | Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1857–1940 | Avusturya | Vienna University | for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica |
| 1928 | Charles Nicolle 1866–1936 | Fransa | Institut Pasteur | for his work on typhus |
| 1929 | Christiaan Eijkman (½) 1858–1930 Sir Frederick Hopkins (½) 1861–1947 | Hollanda Birleşik Krallık | Utrecht University University of Cambridge | for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins |
| 1930 | Karl Landsteiner 1868–1943 | Avusturya | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research | for his discovery of human blood groups |
1931–1940
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1931 | Otto Warburg 1883–1970 | Almanya | Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie | for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme |
| 1932 | Sir Charles Sherrington (½) 1857–1952 Edgar Adrian (½) 1889–1977 | Birleşik Krallık Birleşik Krallık | University of Oxford University of Cambridge | for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons |
| 1933 | Thomas H. Morgan 1866–1945 | ABD | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) | for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity |
| 1934 | George H. Whipple (⅓) 1878–1976 George R. Minot (⅓) 1885–1950 William P. Murphy (⅓) 1892–1987 | ABD ABD ABD | University of Rochester Harvard University Harvard University | for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia |
| 1935 | Hans Spemann 1869–1941 | Almanya | University of Freiburg im Breisgau | for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development |
| 1936 | Sir Henry Dale (½) 1875–1968 Otto Loewi (½) 1873–1961 | Birleşik Krallık Almanya | National Institute for Medical Research Graz University | for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses |
| 1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi 1893–1986 | Macaristan | Szeged University | for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid |
| 1938 | Corneille Heymans 1892–1968 | Belçika | Ghent University | for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration |
| 1939 | Gerhard Domagk 1895–1964 | Polonya | Munster University | for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil |
| 1940 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
1941–1950
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1942 | Ödül verilmedi | — | — | — |
| 1943 | Henrik Dam (½) 1895–1976 Edward A. Doisy (½) 1893–1986 | Danimarka ABD | Polytechnic Institute Saint Louis University | for his discovery of vitamin K for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K |
| 1944 | Joseph Erlanger (½) 1874–1965 Herbert S. Gasser (½) 1888–1963 | ABD ABD | Washington University Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research | for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres |
| 1945 | Sir Alexander Fleming (⅓) 1881–1955 Ernst B. Chain (⅓) 1906–1979 Sir Howard Florey (⅓) 1898–1968 | İskoçya Almanya Avustralya | London University University of Oxford University of Oxford | for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases |
| 1946 | Hermann J. Muller 1890–1967 | ABD | Indiana University | for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation |
| 1947 | Carl Cori (¼) 1896–1984 Gerty Cori (¼) 1896–1957 Bernardo Houssay (½) 1887–1971 | Çekya Çekya Arjantin | Washington University Washington University Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine) | for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar |
| 1948 | Paul Müller 1899–1965 | İsviçre | Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.) | for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods |
| 1949 | Walter Hess (½) 1881–1973 Egas Moniz (½) 1874–1955 | İsviçre Portekiz | University of Zurich University of Lisbon | for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses |
| 1950 | Edward C. Kendall (⅓) 1886–1972 Tadeus Reichstein (⅓) 1897–1996 Philip S. Hench (⅓) 1896–1965 | ABD Polonya ABD | Mayo Clinic Basel University Mayo Clinic | for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects |
1951–1960
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | Max Theiler 1899–1972 | Güney Afrika | Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation | for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it |
| 1952 | Selman A. Waksman 1888–1973 | Ukrayna | Rutgers University | for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis |
| 1953 | Hans Krebs (½) 1900–1981 Fritz Lipmann (½) 1899–1986 | Almanya Rusya | Sheffield University Harvard Medical School | for his discovery of the citric acid cycle for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism |
| 1954 | John F. Enders (⅓) 1897–1985 Thomas H. Weller (⅓) 1915–2008 Frederick C. Robbins (⅓) 1916–2003 | ABD ABD ABD | Harvard Medical School Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Medical Center Western Reserve University | for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue |
| 1955 | Hugo Theorell 1903–1982 | İsveç | Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute | for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes |
| 1956 | André F. Cournand (⅓) 1895–1988 Werner Forssmann (⅓) 1904–1979 Dickinson W. Richards (⅓) 1895–1973 | Fransa Almanya ABD | Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital Mainz University Columbia University | for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system |
| 1957 | Daniel Bovet 1907–1992 | İsviçre | Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health) | for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles |
| 1958 | George Beadle (¼) 1903–1989 Edward Tatum (¼) 1909–1975 Joshua Lederberg (½) 1925–2008 | ABD ABD ABD | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research University of Wisconsin | for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria |
| 1959 | Severo Ochoa (½) 1905–1993 Arthur Kornberg (½) 1918–2007 | İspanya ABD | New York University, College of Medicine Stanford University | for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid |
| 1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (½) 1899–1985 Peter Medawar (½) 1915–1987 | Avustralya Brezilya | Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research University College | for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance |
1961–1970
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Georg von Békésy 1899–1972 | Macaristan | Harvard University | for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea |
| 1962 | Francis Crick (⅓) 1916–2004 James Watson (⅓) 1928–2025 Maurice Wilkins (⅓) 1916–2004 | Birleşik Krallık ABD Yeni Zelanda | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Harvard University London University | for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material |
| 1963 | Sir John Eccles (⅓) 1903–1997 Alan Hodgkin (⅓) 1914–1998 Andrew Huxley (⅓) 1917–2012 | Avustralya Birleşik Krallık Birleşik Krallık | Australian National University University of Cambridge University College | for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane |
| 1964 | Konrad Bloch (½) 1912–2000 Feodor Lynen (½) 1911–1979 | Polonya Almanya | Harvard University Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie | for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism |
| 1965 | François Jacob (⅓) 1920–2013 André Lwoff (⅓) 1902–1994 Jacques Monod (⅓) 1910–1976 | Fransa Fransa Fransa | Institut Pasteur Institut Pasteur Institut Pasteur | for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis |
| 1966 | Peyton Rous (½) 1879–1970 Charles B. Huggins (½) 1901–1997 | ABD Kanada | Rockefeller University University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research | for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer |
| 1967 | Ragnar Granit (⅓) 1900–1991 Keffer Hartline (⅓) 1903–1983 George Wald (⅓) 1906–1997 | Finlandiya ABD ABD | Karolinska Institutet Rockefeller University Harvard University | for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye |
| 1968 | Robert W. Holley (⅓) 1922–1993 H. Gobind Khorana (⅓) 1922–2011 Marshall W. Nirenberg (⅓) 1927–2010 | ABD Hindistan ABD | Cornell University University of Wisconsin National Institutes of Health | for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis |
| 1969 | Max Delbrück (⅓) 1906–1981 Alfred D. Hershey (⅓) 1908–1997 Salvador E. Luria (⅓) 1912–1991 | Almanya ABD İtalya | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Carnegie Institution of Washington Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) | for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses |
| 1970 | Sir Bernard Katz (⅓) 1911–2003 Ulf von Euler (⅓) 1905–1983 Julius Axelrod (⅓) 1912–2004 | Almanya İsveç ABD | University College Karolinska Institutet National Institutes of Health | for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation |
1971–1980
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. 1915–1974 | ABD | Vanderbilt University | for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones |
| 1972 | Gerald M. Edelman (½) 1929–2014 Rodney R. Porter (½) 1917–1985 | ABD Birleşik Krallık | Rockefeller University University of Oxford | for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies |
| 1973 | Karl von Frisch (⅓) 1886–1982 Konrad Lorenz (⅓) 1903–1989 Nikolaas Tinbergen (⅓) 1907–1988 | Avusturya Avusturya Hollanda | Zoologisches Institut der Universität München Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie University of Oxford | for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns |
| 1974 | Albert Claude (⅓) 1898–1983 Christian de Duve (⅓) 1917–2013 George E. Palade (⅓) 1912–2008 | Belçika Birleşik Krallık Romanya | Université Catholique de Louvain Rockefeller University Yale University, School of Medicine | for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell |
| 1975 | David Baltimore (⅓) 1938–2025 Renato Dulbecco (⅓) 1914–2012 Howard M. Temin (⅓) 1934–1994 | ABD İtalya ABD | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory University of Wisconsin | for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell |
| 1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg (½) 1925–2011 D. Carleton Gajdusek (½) 1923–2008 | ABD ABD | The Institute for Cancer Research National Institutes of Health | for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases |
| 1977 | Roger Guillemin (¼) 1924–2024 Andrew V. Schally (¼) 1926–2024 Rosalyn Yalow (½) 1921–2011 | Fransa Litvanya ABD | The Salk Institute Veterans Administration Hospital Veterans Administration Hospital | for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones |
| 1978 | Werner Arber (⅓) d. 1929 Daniel Nathans (⅓) 1928–1999 Hamilton O. Smith (⅓) 1931–2025 | İsviçre ABD ABD | Biozentrum der Universität Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine | for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics |
| 1979 | Allan M. Cormack (½) 1924–1998 Godfrey N. Hounsfield (½) 1919–2004 | Güney Afrika Birleşik Krallık | Tufts University Central Research Laboratories, EMI | for the development of computer assisted tomography |
| 1980 | Baruj Benacerraf (⅓) 1920–2011 Jean Dausset (⅓) 1916–2009 George D. Snell (⅓) 1903–1996 | Venezuela Fransa ABD | Harvard Medical School Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie Jackson Laboratory | for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions |
1981–1990
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Roger W. Sperry (½) 1913–1994 David H. Hubel (¼) 1926–2013 Torsten N. Wiesel (¼) d. 1924 | ABD Kanada İsveç | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School | for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system |
| 1982 | Sune K. Bergström (⅓) 1916–2004 Bengt I. Samuelsson (⅓) 1934–2024 John R. Vane (⅓) 1927–2004 | İsveç İsveç Birleşik Krallık | Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institutet The Wellcome Research Laboratories | for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances |
| 1983 | Barbara McClintock 1902–1992 | ABD | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | for her discovery of mobile genetic elements |
| 1984 | Niels K. Jerne (⅓) 1911–1994 Georges J.F. Köhler (⅓) 1946–1995 César Milstein (⅓) 1927–2002 | Birleşik Krallık Almanya Arjantin | Basel Institute for Immunology Basel Institute for Immunology MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology | for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies |
| 1985 | Michael S. Brown (½) d. 1941 Joseph L. Goldstein (½) d. 1940 | ABD ABD | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas | for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism |
| 1986 | Stanley Cohen (½) 1922–2020 Rita Levi-Montalcini (½) 1909–2012 | ABD İtalya | Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R. | for their discoveries of growth factors |
| 1987 | Susumu Tonegawa 1939–2026 | Japonya | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) | for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity |
| 1988 | Sir James W. Black (⅓) 1924–2010 Gertrude B. Elion (⅓) 1918–1999 George H. Hitchings (⅓) 1905–1998 | İskoçya ABD ABD | London University, King’s College Hospital Medical School Wellcome Research Laboratories Wellcome Research Laboratories | for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment |
| 1989 | J. Michael Bishop (½) 1936–2026 Harold E. Varmus (½) d. 1939 | ABD ABD | University of California School of Medicine University of California School of Medicine | for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes |
| 1990 | Joseph E. Murray (½) 1919–2012 E. Donnall Thomas (½) 1920–2012 | ABD ABD | Brigham and Women’s Hospital Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease |
1991–2000
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Erwin Neher (½) d. 1944 Bert Sakmann (½) d. 1942 | Almanya Almanya | Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung | for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells |
| 1992 | Edmond H. Fischer (½) 1920–2021 Edwin G. Krebs (½) 1918–2009 | Çin ABD | University of Washington University of Washington | for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism |
| 1993 | Richard J. Roberts (½) d. 1943 Phillip A. Sharp (½) d. 1944 | Birleşik Krallık ABD | New England Biolabs Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research | for their discoveries of split genes |
| 1994 | Alfred G. Gilman (½) 1941–2015 Martin Rodbell (½) 1925–1998 | ABD ABD | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells |
| 1995 | Edward B. Lewis (⅓) 1918–2004 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (⅓) d. 1942 Eric F. Wieschaus (⅓) d. 1947 | ABD Almanya ABD | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie Princeton University | for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development |
| 1996 | Peter C. Doherty (½) d. 1940 Rolf M. Zinkernagel (½) d. 1944 | Avustralya İsviçre | St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology | for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence |
| 1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner d. 1942 | ABD | University of California School of Medicine | for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection |
| 1998 | Robert F. Furchgott (⅓) 1916–2009 Louis J. Ignarro (⅓) d. 1941 Ferid Murad (⅓) 1936–2023 | ABD ABD ABD | SUNY Health Science Center University of California School of Medicine University of Texas Medical School at Houston | for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system |
| 1999 | Günter Blobel 1936–2018 | Polonya | Rockefeller University | for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell |
| 2000 | Arvid Carlsson (⅓) 1923–2018 Paul Greengard (⅓) 1925–2019 Eric Kandel (⅓) d. 1929 | İsveç ABD Avusturya | Göteborg University Rockefeller University Columbia University | for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system |
2001–2010
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Leland Hartwell (⅓) d. 1939 Tim Hunt (⅓) d. 1943 Sir Paul Nurse (⅓) d. 1949 | ABD Birleşik Krallık Birleşik Krallık | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Imperial Cancer Research Fund Imperial Cancer Research Fund | for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle |
| 2002 | Sydney Brenner (⅓) 1927–2019 H. Robert Horvitz (⅓) d. 1947 John E. Sulston (⅓) 1942–2018 | Güney Afrika ABD Birleşik Krallık | The Molecular Sciences Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute | for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death |
| 2003 | Paul C. Lauterbur (½) 1929–2007 Sir Peter Mansfield (½) 1933–2017 | ABD Birleşik Krallık | University of Illinois University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy | for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging |
| 2004 | Richard Axel (½) d. 1946 Linda B. Buck (½) d. 1947 | ABD ABD | Columbia University Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system |
| 2005 | Barry J. Marshall (½) d. 1951 J. Robin Warren (½) 1937–2024 | Avustralya Avustralya | NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre — | for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease |
| 2006 | Andrew Z. Fire (½) d. 1959 Craig C. Mello (½) d. 1960 | ABD ABD | Stanford University School of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School | for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA |
| 2007 | Mario R. Capecchi (⅓) d. 1937 Sir Martin J. Evans (⅓) d. 1941 Oliver Smithies (⅓) 1925–2017 | İtalya Birleşik Krallık Birleşik Krallık | University of Utah Cardiff University University of North Carolina | for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells |
| 2008 | Harald zur Hausen (½) 1936–2023 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (¼) d. 1947 Luc Montagnier (¼) 1932–2022 | Almanya Fransa Fransa | German Cancer Research Center Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention | for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus |
| 2009 | Elizabeth H. Blackburn (⅓) d. 1948 Carol W. Greider (⅓) d. 1961 Jack W. Szostak (⅓) d. 1952 | Avustralya ABD Birleşik Krallık | University of California Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School | for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase |
| 2010 | Robert G. Edwards 1925–2013 | Birleşik Krallık | University of Cambridge | for the development of in vitro fertilization |
2011–2020
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Bruce A. Beutler (¼) d. 1957 Jules A. Hoffmann (¼) d. 1941 Ralph M. Steinman (½) 1943–2011 | ABD Lüksemburg Kanada | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas University of Strasbourg Rockefeller University | for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity |
| 2012 | Sir John B. Gurdon (½) 1933–2025 Shinya Yamanaka (½) d. 1962 | Birleşik Krallık Japonya | Gurdon Institute Kyoto University | for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent |
| 2013 | James E. Rothman (⅓) d. 1950 Randy W. Schekman (⅓) d. 1948 Thomas C. Südhof (⅓) d. 1955 | ABD ABD Almanya | Yale University University of California Stanford University | for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells |
| 2014 | John O’Keefe (½) d. 1939 May-Britt Moser (¼) d. 1963 Edvard I. Moser (¼) d. 1962 | ABD Norveç Norveç | University College Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) | for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain |
| 2015 | William C. Campbell (¼) d. 1930 Satoshi Ōmura (¼) d. 1935 Tu Youyou (½) d. 1930 | İrlanda Japonya Çin | Drew University Kitasato University China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine | for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria |
| 2016 | Yoshinori Ohsumi d. 1945 | Japonya | Tokyo Institute of Technology | for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy |
| 2017 | Jeffrey C. Hall (⅓) d. 1945 Michael Rosbash (⅓) d. 1944 Michael W. Young (⅓) d. 1949 | ABD ABD ABD | University of Maine Brandeis University Rockefeller University | for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm |
| 2018 | James P. Allison (½) d. 1948 Tasuku Honjo (½) d. 1942 | ABD Japonya | Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Kyoto University | for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |
| 2019 | William G. Kaelin Jr (⅓) d. 1957 Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe (⅓) d. 1954 Gregg L. Semenza (⅓) d. 1956 | ABD Birleşik Krallık ABD | Harvard Medical School University of Oxford Johns Hopkins University | for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
| 2020 | Harvey J. Alter (⅓) d. 1935 Michael Houghton (⅓) d. 1949 Charles M. Rice (⅓) d. 1952 | ABD Birleşik Krallık ABD | National Institutes of Health University of Alberta Rockefeller University | for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus |
2021–2026
| Yıl | Ödül sahibi | Doğum ülkesi | Kurum | Resmî gerekçe (İngilizce) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | David Julius (½) d. 1955 Ardem Patapoutian (½) d. 1967 | ABD Lübnan | University of California Scripps Research | for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch |
| 2022 | Svante Pääbo d. 1955 | İsveç | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology | for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution |
| 2023 | Katalin Karikó (½) d. 1955 Drew Weissman (½) d. 1959 | Macaristan ABD | Szeged University Penn Institute for RNA Innovations, University of Pennsylvania | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 |
| 2024 | Victor Ambros (½) d. 1953 Gary Ruvkun (½) d. 1952 | ABD ABD | UMass Chan Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital | for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation |
| 2025 | Mary E. Brunkow (⅓) d. 1961 Fred Ramsdell (⅓) d. 1960 Shimon Sakaguchi (⅓) d. 1951 | ABD ABD Japonya | Institute for Systems Biology Sonoma Biotherapeutics The University of Osaka | for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance |
| 2026 | Karl Deisseroth (⅓) d. 1971 Peter Hegemann (⅓) d. 1954 Georg Nagel (⅓) d. 1953 | ABD Almanya Almanya | Howard Hughes Medical Institute Humboldt University of Berlin University of Würzburg | for their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics |
Kaynak: Nobel Vakfı, NobelPrize.org ve Nobel Prize API (veriler 8 Ekim 2026’da alınmıştır). Doğum yeri, kurum ve ülke bilgileri Nobel Vakfı kayıtlarına göredir; ülke adları bugünkü sınırlara göre verilmiştir. Metin ve düzenleme Fizik Akademisi’ne aittir.
